Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de um programa de liderança em segurança do paciente sobre os enfermeiros-chefe e enfermeiros clínicos da mesma unidade de enfermagem. Método: foi conduzido um estudo quasi-experimental, pré-pós teste, que incluiu 60 enfermeiros-chefe e 240 enfermeiros clínicos. Apenas os enfermeiros-chefe receberam o treinamento do programa de liderança em segurança do paciente por 12 meses. Antes e após o treinamento, a Escala Geral de Autoeficácia foi completada pelos enfermeiros-chefe, e a Escala Geral de Autoeficácia, a Escala de Avaliação do Comportamento de Liderança Hospitalar, a Escala de Comportamento de Segurança e o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach foram completadas pelos enfermeiros clínicos. As análises descritivas e inferenciais dos dados foram conduzidas utilizando-se frequências absolutas e relativas, média e desvio padrão, assim como a aplicação do teste t pareado para avaliar o efeito do treinamento. Resultados: a autoeficácia dos enfermeiros-chefe e a dos enfermeiros clínicos aumentou significativamente (p<0,01) após o treinamento. O comportamento de liderança dos enfermeiros-chefe e o comportamento de segurança dos enfermeiros clínicos também melhorou significativamente (p<0,05). Observou-se uma redução estatisticamente significativa da “exaustão emocional” e aumento da “realização pessoal” nos enfermeiros clínicos (P<0,001). Conclusão: o programa de liderança em segurança do paciente teve um impacto positivo na autoeficácia e comportamento de liderança dos enfermeiros-chefe e na autoeficácia, comportamento de segurança e esgotamento no trabalho dos enfermeiros clínicos.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of a patient safety leadership program on head nurses and clinical nurses in the same nursing unit. Method: a pre-post quasi-experimental study that included 60 head nurses and 240 clinical nurses was conducted. Only the head nurses received patient safety leadership program training for 12 months. Before and after the training, the General Self-Efficacy Scale was completed by the head nurses, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Hospital Leadership Behavior Assessment Scale, the Safety Behavior Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were completed by the clinical nurses. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the data were performed using absolute and relative frequencies, means and standard deviations, and paired t-tests to assess the effect of the training. Results: both the head nurses’ and the clinical nurses’ self-efficacy increased significantly (p <0.01) after the training. The leadership behavior of the head nurses and the safety behavior of the clinical nurses also improved significantly (p<0.05). We observed a statistically significant reduction in “emotional exhaustion” and an increase in “personal accomplishment” among the clinical nurses (P<0.001). Conclusion: the patient safety leadership program had a positive impact on the head nurses’ self-efficacy and leadership behavior and the clinical nurses’ self-efficacy, safety behavior and job burnout.

Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de un programa de liderazgo en seguridad del paciente sobre las enfermeras supervisoras y enfermeras clínicas de la misma unidad de enfermería. Método: un estudio cuasi-experimental pre-post incluyó a 60 enfermeras supervisoras y 240 enfermeras clínicas. Solo las enfermeras supervisoras recibieron formación en el programa de liderazgo en seguridad del paciente durante 12 meses. Antes y después del programa de formación, las enfermeras supervisoras completaron la Escala de Autoeficacia General mientras que las enfermeras clínicas completaron la Escala de Autoeficacia General, la Escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento de Liderazgo Hospitalario, la Escala de Comportamiento de Seguridad y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales de los datos utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medias y desviaciones estándares, así como la prueba t pareada para evaluar el efecto del programa de formación. Resultados: la autoeficacia de las enfermeras supervisoras y enfermeras clínicas aumentó significativamente (p<0,01) después del programa de formación. El comportamiento de liderazgo de las enfermeras supervisoras y el comportamiento de seguridad de las enfermeras clínicas también mejoraron significativamente (p<0,05). Observamos una reducción estadísticamente significativa del “agotamiento emocional” y un aumento de la “realización personal” en las enfermeras clínicas (P<0,001). Conclusión: el programa de liderazgo en seguridad del paciente tuvo un impacto positivo en la autoeficacia y el comportamiento de liderazgo de las enfermeras supervisoras, y en la autoeficacia, el comportamiento de seguridad y el desgaste laboral de las enfermeras clínicas.

Abstract Background: Knowledge of plant population structure facilitates conservation, management, and utilization of endangered plants. Research question: What is the current status of the natural populations of Tetracentron sinense in Leigong Mountain Nature Reserve (LMNR) and what future population development trends can be predicted? Studied species: Tetracentron sinense. Study site and period of research: T. sinense populations in LMNR in China in 2018. Methods: The population structure and quantity dynamics of four typical patches were studied using static life tables, survival curves, survival analyses, and time series analyses. Results: The age structures of the T. sinense populations were spindle-shaped, with few seedlings and saplings, and Deevey type II and III survival curves. The mortality rate (q x ) of each patch increased quickly, and then plateaued, finally increasing again. Survival rate (S x ) showed a contrary trend to q x . Trends in cumulative mortality rate (F (i) ), killing power (K x ), mortality density (f (ti) ), and hazard rate (λ (ti) ) with increasing age class were similar: increasing at a younger age, gradually stabilizing in middle age, and then increasing slightly in older age. The number of individuals in these T. sinense populations was predicted to decrease sharply in future, with younger individuals being seriously deficient. The results showed that the natural populations of T. sinense in the LMNR were relatively stable but were in an early stage of decline. Conclusions: The lack of younger individuals might reflect a bottleneck for regeneration of T. sinense populations, leading to a decline in population size.

Resumen Antecedentes: El conocimiento de la estructura poblacional de una planta facilita su conservación, manejo y utilización. Pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuál es el estado actual de las poblaciones naturales de Tetracentron sinense en la Reserva Natural de la Montaña Leigong (LMNR) y qué tendencias futuras de desarrollo de la población se pueden predecir? Especies estudiadas: Tetracentron sinense. Sitio y período de investigación: Poblaciones en LMNR, China, 2018. Métodos: Se usaron tablas de vida estáticas, curvas de supervivencia, análisis de supervivencia y análisis de series de tiempo para el análisis de la estructura poblacional y dinámica de parches. Resultados: Las estructuras de edad de las poblaciones de T. sinense mostraron forma de huso, con pocas plántulas y juveniles. Curvas de supervivencia Deevey tipo II y III. La tasa de mortalidad (q x ) de cada parche aumentó rápidamente, para estabilizarse y finalmente aumentar nuevamente. La tasa de supervivencia (S x ) mostró una tendencia contraria a q x . Las tendencias en las tasas de mortalidad acumulada (F (i) ), mortalidad (K x ), densidad de mortalidad (f (ti) ), y tasa de riesgo (λ (ti) ) fueron similares con el aumento de la clase de edad. Las poblaciones naturales de T. sinense en el LMNR eran relativamente estables, aunque en etapa temprana de disminución. El número de individuos en poblaciones de T. sinense disminuirá drásticamente en el futuro, donde los más jóvenes mostrarán serias deficiencias. Conclusiones: La ausencia de individuos más jóvenes podría reflejar un cuello de botella para la regeneración de las poblaciones de T. sinense, lo que lleva a una disminución en el tamaño de la población.

Abstract: Background: Tetracentron sinense Oliv., is an endangered, broad-leaved tree distributed in south-central China. Structural characteristics of the community and dominant tree population niches in T. sinense communities are currently unclear. Questions: (1) What is the status of T. sinense populations in the community? (2) What are the interspecies interactions between T. sinense populations and its associated species. Study sites and dates: T. sinense communities in Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve in southwest China in 2014. Methods: Six sites of 400 m2 were studied for importance value, special diversity, niche breadth, and overlap of dominant tree populations. Results: There were 80 species, 67 genera, and 41 families of vascular plants. Sixty-one genera of seed plants in T. sinense communities were classified into 9 types. The North Temperate genus was the largest, accounting for 44.26 %. Species richness, species diversity, and evenness indexes were all low. There were 6 dominant tree populations in T. sinense communities, and the importance values and niche breadths of T. sinense populations were significantly higher than other species. Horizontal niche overlaps between T. sinense and Pterocarya stenoptera, Acer pictum subsp. mono, and Cercidiphyllum japonicum were high; the vertical niche overlaps between T. sinense and these species were all greater than 0.7. Conclusions: T. sinense communities have North Temperate character, and are immature and unstable communities, still in the early stage of succession. T. sinense is the edificator tree in the communities. A high similarity of habitat demand and strong interspecific competition for light exist between T. sinense and its associated trees.

Abstract Dental caries is a chronic progressive disease occurring in the tooth hard tissue due to multiple factors, in which bacteria are the initial cause. Both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis are main members of oral biofilm. Helicobacter pylori may also be detected in dental plaque, playing an important role in the development of dental caries. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori culture supernatant on S. mutans and S. sanguinis dual-species biofilm and to evaluate its potential ability on affecting dental health. Material and methods The effect of H. pylori supernatant on single-species and dual-species biofilm was measured by colony forming units counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, respectively. The effect of H. pylori supernatant on S. mutans and S. sanguinis extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production was measured by both confocal laser scanning microscopy observation and anthrone-sulfuric acid method. The effect of H. pylori supernatant on S. mutans gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Results H. pylori supernatant could inhibit both S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm formation and EPS production. S. sanguinis inhibition rate was significantly higher than that of S. mutans. Finally, S. mutans bacteriocin and acidogenicity related genes expression were affected by H. pylori culture supernatant. Conclusion Our results showed that H. pylori could destroy the balance between S. mutans and S. sanguinis in oral biofilm, creating an advantageous environment for S. mutans, which became the dominant bacteria, promoting the formation and development of dental caries.

Abstract: Background: Tetracentron sinense, distributed mainly in central and southwest China, is a threatened deciduous broad-leaved canopy tree. Presently, little is known about the phenotypic diversity in natural populations of T. sinense, and its fitness and evolutionary potential to the fragmental habitat, which is very important for its conservation. Questions: (1) How is the level of phenotypic diversity in natural populations of T. sinense? (2) Which factors influenced the phenotypic variation? Species study: Tetracentron sinense. Study dates: Between September and October 2014 Methods: 20 phenotypic traits from 11 populations were measured. Nested analysis of variance, multi-comparison, principal components analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were used to study the phenotypic variation and its relation to geo-climate factors. Results: Analysis of nested variance showed significant difference among and within populations, but the phenotypic differentiation coefficient and variance component among populations was higher than that within populations. Variation of phenotypic traits in T. sinense was mainly associated with annual sunshine hours, and showed cline variation along longitude and elevation. 11 provenances of T. sinense were clustered into four groups based on PCA. Conclusions: Phenotypic variation in T. sinense mainly existed among population, and there was moderate level of phenotypic differentiation among populations and low level of phenotypic variation within populations in T. sinense. Autogamy or geitonogamy may be the major factor contributing to the low phenotypic variation and moderate genetic divergence within this species. Suggestions for conservation strategies are provided.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a variação no gene UBASH3A com a doença tiroidiana autoimune e características clínicas na população chinesa Han. Sujeitos e métodos: Um total de 667 pacientes com DTAI (417 com DG e 250 com TH) e 301 controles saudáveis foi genotipado para dois polimorfismos de nucleotídeo simples (SNPs) rs11203203, rs3788013 do gene UBASH3A, usando-se a plataforma MALDI-TOF-MS (Ionização/Dessorção de Matriz Assistida por Laser – Tempo de Voo/Espectrômetro de Massa). Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as frequências genotípicas e alélicas dos dois SNPs nos grupos controle e DTAI, DG e TH. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as frequências alélicas dos dois SNPs em pacientes com DG com ou sem olftalmopatia. Não houve diferenças significativas nas distribuições de haplótipos no grupo controle e nos grupos DTAI, DG e TH. Conclusão: Os SNPs rs11203203 e rs3788013 do gene UBASH3A podem não estar associados a pacientes com DTAI na população chinesa Han.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate UBASH3A gene variation association with autoimmune thyroid disease and clinical features in a Chinese Han population. Subjects and methods: A total of 667 AITD patients (417 GD and 250 HT) and 301 healthy controls were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11203203, rs3788013 of UBASH3A gene, utilizing the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) Platform. Results: Between the control group and AITD, GD and HT group, no statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the two SNPs. There was no significant difference in allelic frequencies of the two SNPs between GD with and without ophthalmopathy. There was no significant difference in haplotype distributions between the control group and AITD, GD or HT group. Conclusion: Rs11203203 and rs3788013 in UBASH3A gene may not be associated with AITD patients in Chinese Han population.

Um masterbatch (MA) reativo de poliamida 6 (PA6)/SiO2 contendo 20% (fração de massa) de nano-SiO2 foi preparado. Posteriormente, o MA reativo preparado foi usado como carga no preparo de nanocompósitos PA6/SiO2 (RA). A estrutura do RA foi analisada por espectrometria no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), difratometria de raios X (XRD), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e microscopia óptica de luz polarizada (POM). A estabilidade térmica e o comportamento de cristalização do RA foram avaliados por análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). OS resultados indicaram que as cadeias moleculares de PA6 estavam ancoradas na superfície do nano-SiO2 através de ligações químicas entre a superfície de grupos amino do nano-SiO2 e do monômero da ε-caprolactama ou pré-polímero da PA6. Como resultado, uma camada interfacial flexível foi formada, melhorando a compatibilidade do nano-SiO2 com a matriz de PA6. Além disso, o efeito no nano-SiO2 apresentou melhoras nas propriedades mecânicas do RA. Devido ao efeito de impedimento de movimento das cadeias moleculares da PA6 pelas partículas de nano-SiO2, o tamanho da esfera cristalina de PA6 foi menor e sua forma cristalina também foi afetada. A massa molar da matriz de PA6 tende a decair gradualmente com o aumento do conteúdo nano-SiO2.

A reactive polyamide 6 (PA6)/SiO2 masterbatch (MA) containing 20% (mass fraction) of nano-SiO2 was prepared readily. Furthermore, the as-prepared reactive MA was used as a filler to prepare PA6/SiO2 nanocomposites (RA). The structure of RA was analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and polarizing microscopy (POM). Thermal stability and crystallization behaviors of RA were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Findings indicated that the PA6 molecular chains were anchored on the surface of nano-SiO2 through chemical bonding between the surface amino groups of nano-SiO2 and ε-caprolactam monomer or prepolymer of PA6. As a result, a flexible interfacial layer was formed, thereby improving the compatibility of nano-SiO2 with PA6 matrix. Moreover, the enhancement effect of nano-SiO2 led to the improved mechanical properties of RA. Besides, due to the hindering effect of nano-SiO2 particles to the movement of PA6 molecular chains, the size of the PA6 spherocrystal was smaller, and its crystalline form was also affected. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the PA6 matrix tended to decrease gradually with increasing nano-SiO2 content.